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Sachin Tendulkar Records

• ODI & Test Stats

  • ODIs played: 442
  • Total Runs: 17598
  • Batting Average: 45.12
  • 100s / 50s: 46 / 93
  • Tests played: 166
  • Total Runs: 13447
  • Batting Average: 55.56
  • 100s / 50s: 47 / 54 <ref name="profile">http://www.cricinfo....

•  

• 

  This page contains the list of world records held by the Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar. Statistics for Sachin Tendulkar Records are up-to-date. He is currently the highest run-scorer in both ODI and Test matches. He has scored 93 hundreds in international matches to date.
  On February 24, Sachin Tendulkar created another world record by scoring 200* runs in ODI cricket. He scored 25 fours in the match which is also a record for most fours by an individual in an innings.

• ODI Records

  1. Most runs in career. (17598 runs)
  2. Most runs in an innings. (200* against South Africa)
  3. Most runs in a calender year. (1894 runs in 1998)
  4. Most runs against one team.(3005 runs against Australia)
  5. Only player to score 200 runs.
  6. Most Hundreds in career. (46 Hundreds)
  7. Most Hundreds in a calendar year. (9 Hundreds in 1998)
  8. Most Hundreds against one team. (9 Hundreds against Australia)
  9. Most 150+ runs in career.(5 150+ runs)
  10. Most Nineties in career. (18 Nineties)
  11. Most times dismissed on 99. (3 times)
  12. Most fifties in career. (93 Fifties)
  13. Most fours in career. (1927 fours)
  14. Most fours in an innings. (25 fours)
  15. Fast to 10000 runs. ( 259 Inns)
  16. Fast to 11000 runs. ( 276 Inns)
  17. Fast to 12000 runs. (300 Inns)
  18. Fast to 13000 runs. (321 Inns)
  19. Fast to 14000 runs. (350 Inns)
  20. Fast to 15000 runs. (377 Inns)
  21. Fast to 16000 runs. (399 Inns)
  22. Fast to 17000 runs. (435 Inns)
  23. Hundred runs and 4 wickets in a match. (141 & 4/38 against Australia in 1998)
  24. 10000+ runs, 100+ wickets and 100+ catches in career.
  25. Highest Partnership for any wicket. (331 runs with Rahul Dravid against New Zealand)
  26. Highest partnership for 2nd wicket. (331 runs with Rahul Dravid against New Zealand)
  27. Highest partnership for 3rd wicket. (237* runs with Rahul Dravid against Kenya)
  28. Highest overall partnership by a pair. (8227 runs with Sourav Ganguly)
  29. Highest overall partnership runs by openers. (6609 runs with Sourav Ganguly)
  30. Most Hundred partnerships by a pair. (26 Hundred Partnership with Sourav Ganguly)
  31. Most consecutive matches for a team. (185 matches)
  32. Most Player Of the Match awards. (61 Awards)
  33. Most Player of the Series awards. (15 Awards)http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/index.html?class=2²

• Test Records

  1. Most runs in career. (13341 runs)
  2. Most hundreds in career. (47 Hundreds)
  3. Most fours in career. (1734+ Fours)
  4. Two unbeaten 50+ runs in a match. (241* & 60* vs Australia in 2004)
  5. Fast to 8000 runs. (154 Inns)
  6. Fast to 12000 runs. (247 Inns)
  7. Fast to 13,000 runs. (266 Inns)
  8. Most hundred partnerships by a pair. (17 Hundred Partnership with Rahul Dravid)http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/index.html?class=1³

• Combined Test, ODI & T20I Records

  1. Most Runs in career. (30638 Runs)
  2. Most Hundreds in career. (93 Hundreds)
  3. Most Hundreds in a calendar year. (12 Hundreds in 1998)
  4. Most Hundreds against one team. (19 Hundreds against Australia)
  5. Most Nineties in career.(25 Nineties)
  6. Most Fifties in career. (147 Fifties)
  7. Most Fours in career. (3623+ Fours)
  8. Highest Overall Parnership runs by a pair. (12400 Runs with Sourav Ganguly)
  9. Most Hundred Parnerships by a pair. (38 Hundreds with Sourav Ganguly)
  10. Most matches in career. (606 Matches)
  11. Most consequetive matches for a team. (239 Matches for India from 25 April 1990 to 24 April 1998)
  12. Most 'Player of the match' awards. (73 Awards)
  13. Most 'Player of the series' awards. (18 Awards)http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/index.html?class=11⁴

• World Cup Records

  1. Most Runs. (1796 Runs)
  2. Most Hundreds. (4 Hundreds)
  3. Most Fifties. (13 Fifties)
  4. Most runs in a series. (673 runs in 2003 World Cup)
  5. Highest Parnership runs for 3rd wicket. (237 Runs with Rahul Dravid).http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/index.html?id=12;type=trophy⁵

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Vaccine

                                                Vaccine

A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism, and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe or its toxins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as foreign, destroy it, and "recognize" it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters.

Vaccines can be prophylactic (e.g. to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by any natural or "wild" pathogen), or therapeutic (e.g. vaccines against cancer are also being investigated; see cancer vaccine).

The term vaccine derives from Edward Jenner's 1796 use of the term cow pox (Latin variolæ vaccinæ, adapted from the Latin vaccīn-us, from vacca cow), which, when administered to humans, provided them protection against smallpox.Contents [hide]

History

Sometime during the 1770s Edward Jenner heard a milkmaid boast that she would never have the often-fatal or disfiguring disease smallpox, because she had already had cowpox, which has a very mild effect in humans. In 1796, Jenner took pus from the hand of a milkmaid with cowpox, inoculated an 8-year-old boy with it, and six weeks later variolated the boy's arm with smallpox, afterwards observing that the boy did not catch smallpox.[1][2] Further experimentation demonstrated the efficacy of the procedure on an infant.[2] Since vaccination with cowpox was much safer than smallpox inoculation,[3] the latter, though still widely practiced in England, was banned in 1840.[4] Louis Pasteur generalized Jenner's idea by developing what he called a rabies vaccine (now termed an antitoxin), and in the nineteenth century vaccines were considered a matter of national prestige, and compulsory vaccination laws were passed.

The twentieth century saw the introduction of several successful vaccines, including those against diphtheria, measles, mumps, and rubella. Major achievements included the development of the polio vaccine in the 1950s and the eradication of smallpox during the 1960s and 1970s. Maurice Hilleman was the most prolific of the developers of the vaccines in the twentieth century. As vaccines became more common, many people began taking them for granted. However, vaccines remain elusive for many important diseases, including malaria and HIV.[1]

Types

 Avian flu vaccine development by reverse genetics techniques.

Vaccines are dead or inactivated organisms or purified products derived from them.

There are several types of vaccines currently in use.[5] These represent different strategies used to try to reduce risk of illness, while retaining the ability to induce a beneficial immune response.

Killed

Some vaccines contain killed, but previously virulent, micro-organisms that have been destroyed with chemicals or heat. Examples are the influenza vaccine, cholera vaccine, bubonic plague vaccine, polio vaccine, hepatitis A vaccine, and rabies vaccine.

Attenuated

Some vaccines contain live, attenuated microorganisms. Many of these are live viruses that have been cultivated under conditions that disable their virulent properties, or which use closely-related but less dangerous organisms to produce a broad immune response; however, some are bacterial in nature. They typically provoke more durable immunological responses and are the preferred type for healthy adults. Examples include the viral diseases yellow fever, measles, rubella, and mumps and the bacterial disease typhoid. The live Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine developed by Calmette and Guérin is not made of a contagious strain, but contains a virulently modified strain called "BCG" used to elicit immunogenicity to the vaccine.

Toxoid

Toxoid vaccines are made from inactivated toxic compounds that cause illness rather than the micro-organism. Examples of toxoid-based vaccines include tetanus and diphtheria. Toxoid vaccines are known for their efficacy. Not all toxoids are for micro-organisms; for example, Crotalus atrox toxoid is used to vaccinate dogs against rattlesnake bites.

Subunit

Protein subunit – rather than introducing an inactivated or attenuated micro-organism to an immune system (which would constitute a "whole-agent" vaccine), a fragment of it can create an immune response. Examples include the subunit vaccine against Hepatitis B virus that is composed of only the surface proteins of the virus (previously extracted from the blood serum of chronically infected patients, but now produced by recombination of the viral genes into yeast), the virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) that is composed of the viral major capsid protein, and the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunits of the influenza virus.

Conjugate

Conjugate – certain bacteria have polysaccharide outer coats that are poorly immunogenic. By linking these outer coats to proteins (e.g. toxins), the immune system can be led to recognize the polysaccharide as if it were a protein antigen. This approach is used in the Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine.